Determining how much you can afford involves evaluating your income, debts, credit score, and the down payment you can make. A general rule of thumb is that your monthly home payment should not exceed 28% of your gross monthly income, and your total debt-to-income ratio should be under 36%. Online mortgage calculators can provide a preliminary estimate, but consulting with a mortgage lender for pre-approval will give you a more accurate picture based on your financial situation.

Closing costs are the fees and expenses you pay to finalize a mortgage, typically ranging from 2% to 5% of the loan amount. These costs can include appraisal fees, title insurance, attorney fees, and loan origination fees. Buyers and sellers may negotiate who pays these costs, but it's crucial for buyers to budget for them when planning their home purchase. Understanding these costs upfront can help avoid surprises at closing.

Buying a home involves several steps: starting with pre-approval for a mortgage to understand your budget, then searching for homes within that budget, making an offer, and going through home inspections and appraisals. Once your offer is accepted, you'll enter the closing process, which includes finalizing your mortgage, completing necessary paperwork, and closing the sale. It's a complex process that benefits from the guidance of a professional real estate agent to navigate negotiations, legal requirements, and financial details.

Deciding between buying or renting depends on your financial stability, lifestyle, and how long you plan to stay in one place. Buying a home is a long-term investment that can build equity and potentially offer tax benefits, but it comes with additional responsibilities and upfront costs. Renting offers flexibility and less maintenance but might not provide the same return on investment. Consider your current life stage, financial health, and future plans when making this decision.

Putting down a larger sum on a home can significantly reduce your mortgage payments and interest rates, making the property more affordable in the long run. Traditionally, a 20% down payment is ideal as it also avoids the need for Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). However, depending on your financial situation and the programs available to you, down payments can be as low as 3.5% for FHA loans or even 0% for VA and USDA loans. It's essential to consider your budget and long-term financial goals when deciding.